How Did Napoleon Create And Maintain Power History Essay

How Did Napoleon Create And Maintain Power History Essay In George Orwells famous novel Animal Farm, Napoleon used many tools of propaganda to gain power and control over the farm. The sheep perhaps were his most important tools throughout the novel. They were, without doubt, a deciding factor in Napoleons rise to power. From the very start Napoleon had been an obvious leader among the pigs because he was well known for getting things his own way. By contributing to the various debates that took place in animal farm, he often received lots of attention from the animals. He also gained support from some animals that were too shy to express themselves; he connected with them and persuaded them to share his views. Hence, he became a representative of these animals. Napoleon also used propaganda in various situations to gain power. The sheep were the most susceptible to these methods and were a great help to his campaign. Snowball, the other pig who shared the position of leadership with him did not agree with him on many occasions. However, naturally he was a good speaker and could easily reach the animals minds and gain support with his speeches alone. So, Napoleon trained the liable sheep to start chanting their favourite slogan four legs good, two legs bad at crucial parts of Snowballs speeches to drown him out, which made it incredibly difficult for him to express his point of view to them. Because of this, Snowball could not gain much support which was exactly what Napoleon wanted. All Napoleon had to do was to put down Snowballs ideas to gain support as the animals could not be convinced by Snowball if they could not listen to him. Napoleon gained total control over animal farm through exiling Snowball. Regardless of Napoleons efforts, Snowball managed to get most of the animals support on the matter of the windmill. Napoleon knew Snowball was a great threat to his position. If Napoleon did not act soon, Snowball would soon become the undisputable leader of Animal Farm. So he got rid of this threat. Using the dogs he had secretly trained, he banished Snowball from the farm. Without Snowball around, Napoleon became the undisputed leader himself. He then banned the debates and told the animals they would follow orders instead. He did this so the animals would be powerless in any decisions made on the farm. Napoleon would be running the farm without anyone there to disagree with any decisions he made. He later sent Squealer to justify his actions. Squealer twists the truth with lies to confuse the animals to think Napoleon was right in exiling Snowball. Some phrases he uses are; Do not imagine leadership is a pleasure and it is a deep and heavy responsibility [1]. These make Napoleon seem sacrificial, which will help gain the animals sympathy. He also uses the animals fear of Jones coming back to persuade them that Napoleon is right. He creates power using many methods. Making the animals March past Old Majors skull is reinforcing his leadership and also allies himself with the loved pig. It makes the animals respect the new leader as much as the old leader. In Napoleons speeches he uses the word sacrifice and own contribution to make the animals think that what they are doing is for a greater cause which convinces them to sacrifice for the greater good. Napoleon uses Squealer to explain anything and everything to avoid making mistakes himself. Squealer uses complicated vocabulary which the simple-minded animals do not understand. When the animals protest, squealer quickly persuades them with help from the threat of violence from the dogs; it makes the animals stop with their complaints. The sheep are then used to ease the mood by bleating their slogan. It is then not possible for the animals to protest again. Throughout the novel, it becomes routine for the dogs to be seen in public with Napoleon to reinforce hi s power through violence. Napoleon also makes the animals work so hard that they are so tired and they forget how they are being turned into slaves by their leader Napoleon. They also have no time to consider rebelling against him. He does this by making the animals build the snowballs windmill that he considered useless when snowball thought of it. To explain this, he tells the animals that it was originally his idea. Napoleon exploits the animals weaknesses. When he changes the seven commandments to justify his actions, the animals are doubtful because they remember that the seven commandments were different. However Squealer tells them that they are wrong and it is just a figment of their imagination. The animals think that if napoleon says so then he must be right and so they let him get away with it. Napoleon is an opportunist. When he realises that he can turn a situation, whether good or bad, to his advantage, he does without a second thought about whom or what might have to be removed in order for him to succeed. For example, when the windmill collapses, he tells that Snowball destroyed it and turns the animals against him. From that point onwards he makes Snowball a scapegoat. Whenever something goes wrong, it is because of Snowball. This makes the animals feel that they are lucky to have Napoleon as a leader. It is also an easy way out as it keeps the animals from finding out who is really to blame. This reinforces Napoleons leadership position as he will not be blamed for anything that goes wrong and creates the vision that Napoleons is a perfect leader. With his decision regarding the timber, he uses Snowball to back him up. Since the animals are against him, the farm he is not selling to will have Snowball hiding there. This makes the animals support his decision. He maintains power through various means. By rarely appearing in public he makes it seem that he has more important matters than the animals and that they should be lucky when he does appear. Through the various killings, he eliminates anyone who is a likely threat to his leadership such as the four porkers. The others who are killed had always angered him in some way or form, such as the hens who decided to rebel; they were killed as a warning not to disobey him. At the same time, he further destroys Snowballs reputation by making the animals confess that he was planning to kill napoleon. By using statistics, another form of lies, he convinces the naÃÆ'Â ¯ve animals that the farm has grown and flourished under his rule, again making him appear an admirable leader. There are other methods he uses to maintain power. He is given tittles like Protector of the sheepfold to make the animals see his acts of sacrifice and his birthday is celebrated which makes him appear like a god, as the animals must celebrate the day he was born to thank god for his birth. He even has a poem about his greatness inscribed on the wall with a portrait of him next to it just opposite the seven commandments. This makes him appear as powerful as the very principles of animalism. He is guarded by dogs and has a food taster so that he cannot be poisoned. He spreads rumours about the terrible state that the animals on other farms are kept to make the animals feel privileged to be in animal farm. He shows his brilliance by letting the animals see the banknotes he traded for the timber. This shows the animals that there are many luxuries to be gained under napoleons rule. He makes everything seem like a victory to cover up his mistakes and to keep the animals from blaming him. An example would be the blowing up of the windmill. It makes the animals feel that although there was a slight loss they still won. This can be seen when he uses the phrase readjustments instead of reductions [1] to make reducing of food seem not too bad. There are more celebrations to cover up the animals hunger and needs. Animal farm is also proclaimed as a republic, with Napoleon as its president to make it appear as if he is just watching over the animals and not controlling them. He allows Moses to remain when he returns as he spreads false hope which makes the animals continue labouring, hoping that if life is bad now, maybe one day, Moses stories might come true and life will be better. When Boxer, the highly respected horse and role model among the animals is taken away to be slaughtered, the animals are told that he received the best medical care available but was unable to be kept alive. Boxers death is then manipulated to Napoleons advantage. Napoleon tells the animals that Boxers last words were Napoleon is always right. Since this was one of Boxers favourite mottos, it is a likely lie. The animals then make this their own motto to respect their beloved Boxer. This works out incredibly well for Napoleon. Napoleon was a treacherous character and very much an opportunist of the worst kind. He used brilliance, cunning, treachery, propaganda and many other tools to gain, create and maintain power. Animal farm remained under his tyranny throughout the entire novel.

film and animation graphics :: essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hollywood has gone digital, and the old ways of doing things are dying. Animation and special effects created with computers have been embraced by television networks, advertisers, and movie studios alike. Film editors, who for decades worked trying to make scenes look real are now sitting in front of computers screens. They edit entire features while adding sound that is not only stored digitally, but that is also created and manipulated with computers. Viewers are witnessing the results of all this in the form of stories and experiences that they never dreamed of before. Perhaps the most surprising aspect of all this, however, is that the entire digital effects and animation industry is still growing pretty strong and, the future looks bright. In the beginning, computer graphics were really hard to manipulate but with time the software companies started to improve their programs, adding more tools and key features, which helped the way computers generated pictures, simulating real world scenes. 1 Creating computer graphics is essentially about three things: Modeling, Animation, and Rendering. Modeling is the process by which 3- dimensional objects are built inside the computer; animation is about making those objects come to life with movement, and rendering is about giving them their ultimate appearance and looks. Hardware is the brains and brawn of computer graphics, but it is powerless without the right software. It is the software that allows the modeler to build a computer graphic object that helps the animator bring this object to life, and that, in the end, gives the image its final look. Sophisticated computer graphics software for commercial studios is either purchased for $30,000 to $50,000, or developed in-house by computer programmers. Most studios use a combination of both, developing new software to meet new project needs. MODELING   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modeling is the first step in creating any 3D computer graphics. Modeling in computer graphics is a little like sculpting, a little like building models with wood, plastic and glue, and a lot like CAD. Its flexibility and potential are unmatched in any other art form. With computer graphics it is possible 2 to build entire worlds and entire realities. Each can have its own laws, its own looks, and its own scale of time and space. Access to these 3- dimensional computer realities is almost always through the 2-dimensional window of a computer monitor. This can lead to the misunderstanding that 3-D modeling is merely the production perspective drawings.

BIG Unsolved Mystery

He swiftly nodded his head as he began to sis his nearly 67 frame off the chair and started towards the bar. (Youth: Famous Crime Scene) Tonight is the Vibe Magazine party also hosted by Quest Records and Tannery gin for the celebration of Friday nights 1 lath annual Soul Train Music Awards. The star studded party consists of celebrities such as Dad Brat, Heavy D, Busts Rhymes, Biggie Smalls of course, and others. We decided we want to have a good time and forget about the east coast west coast drama.I was up for it and excited because I always liked to dance, ever since I got my start as a back up dancer In USIA videos, that's why when I'm In the club I can't stop to party. (concentrically. Com) At a glance I see Eugene walking towards me, looking polished dressed in black crisp slacks with a white button up shirt and black dress shoes, with a couple of bottles in his hand and the waiter staff in tow. The waiter looked of Mexican descent as he looked at me and rested the bottles dow n on the table. He began to ask if we needed anything else but I cut him off by shaking my head and he immediately walked away. Notorious) â€Å"Man Puff you really crazy son! You ternary have me out of it tonight! Biggie yelled to me across the table as the bottles began to flow in. (Notorious) The â€Å"Puff' he is referring to is l, also known as Sean â€Å"Puffy' Combs, best friend of Biggie as well as head of his label, Bad Boy Entertainment. Although It may look like It, everything wasn't lavish from the start we worked hard for this. I was born in Harlem, New York November 4, 1969. My mother raised me as my father was murdered In 1974. I attended Harvard university majoring in business administration.I ran an airport shuttle service and produced weekly dance parties while in school. (phonographic) After doing back up dance I Egan to intern at Uptown Records with the recommendation from Heavy D, and gradually became a talent director rising to the level of vice president su ccessful in producing several key artists for Uptown but left in the early sass's. In 1993 1 decided to start my own production company, Bad Boy Entertainment, where I worked with many artists in the industry among big names and unknown names. The Notorious B. I. G was my greatest success in the business.From the start I knew Bad Boy was going to be a great success and it was. Within the first four years of starting It up, the sales ranged from $100 million to $200 million. Answers. Com) â€Å"Well we out here might as well celebrate! † I yelled back as I glanced at my wrist rocking my gold, diamond encrusted Role I had on that night thinking back to all the everyone surrounding me. Looking around the museum from our table on the dance floor, the place looked like a zoo as if a flock of people Just ran in and started to party as it filled up rather quickly.The star-studded event brought many well-known people from the industry along with women known as â€Å"groupies† trying to have a good time. Men were dressed accordingly to the event, some trying to play it down in just slacks and a button down top while others went all out dressed in designer suits. Some came Just to state a fashion statement as others Just came to have a good time. Now the women in attendance at the party were looking gorgeous and also stunning. It was a bit of a surprise to have Biggie and I with the crew out here due to the east coast and west coast drama going on. Sesquicentennials. Com) It's mainly begun from a misunderstanding between Biggie Outpace, as well as with myself and Sage Knight. Outpace, also a famous recording artist, was on his way to meet up with Biggie nee night at a studio located in New York City but was attacked and shot several times in the lobby upon meeting up with him. Outpace thought the worst and concluded on nothing other than blaming Biggie for â€Å"setting him up† and decided to let his thoughts be expressed through his music and alleg edly claiming to have sexual relations with his wife. (billboard. Mom) This occurred about two years before Tuba's murder in Lass Vegas. It's a little bit of a blur of why Sage Knight started drama but his nephew, cousin or friend was shot in Atlanta, Georgia and he blamed e for the situation which really started the west coast and east coast drama. Accepting an award at The Source Awards, which Bad Boy was also in attendance, Sage insulted me in his speech saying: â€Å"Any artist out there want to be a artist and want stay a star, wont have to worry about the Executive Producer trying to be all in the videos all on the record, dancing, come to Death Row. (Biggie & Outpace) These two incidents brought many rivalries and brought upon the two biggest tragic nights in Hip Hop history. The party began to get overcrowded as it was still bumping; the fire marshals were soon being called. Everyone's sweaty bodies dancing with the museum full of smoke, by around 12:35 the fire marshals ca me and shut the party down. The crowd began to pour out of the party as cars were being brought through the garage. We made our way out to the garage not too long after to wait for our drivers to bring our vans to us.I entered the car in the front with Eugene as Biggie, Ill' Cease from Junior Mafia, and Baggie's bodyguard Damn entered the GEM suburban behind. In Biggies suburban Ill' Cease let down the window and stuck his head out as the women walking down Wilshire Boulevard half naked in skimpy dresses and high heels. As we approached the intersection of Wilshire and Fairfax the light began to change as my car made the left turn, the light stopped Biggies. I began to hear gunshots and with human reaction everyone in my car ducked down quickly.Then someone screams, â€Å"They shot at Biggies car! † Immediately I Jumped out of the vehicle and ran to Biggies car to see that the shooter shot at the passenger door where he was seated. (Youth: Diodes first interview after Baggie' s Death) It all happened so fast no one had a chance to do anything or get a real good look at whom the shooter was and only that it was a black impala. I noticed about 6 gun shots were pierced through the other in the drivers seat. All four car doors were open as everyone scattered to see the condition Biggie was in.His breathing was faint as he was slouched over, but I still tried to get something out of him as we rushed to the closest hospital, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, which was about a five-minute drive. (Youth: Famous Crime Scene) The Notorious B. I. G, former stage name Biggie Smalls, full name Christopher Wallace grew up in Brooklyn Bedford Stuyvesant neighborhood and was born on May 21, 1972. At a young age Biggie showed he was interested in music by reforming with local groups like the Old Gold Brothers and the Techniques.Biggie was a good student but was influenced by the streets and decided to drop out of high school at the age of 17. He became attracted to the money and flashy lifestyle of the local drug dealers and decided to sell crack for a living. His first time ending up in jail was during a trip to North Carolina, where he spent nine months in Jail then made a couple of demo records on his friend's four-track. Mister Ace, a DC working with Big Daddy Kane got a hold of the mixture and gave it to The Source magazine which got Biggie featured on their popular feature, unsigned artists.With his feature in The Source I became aware of him and his talent and decided to sign him immediately. Biggie Just had a daughter so he became skeptical about stopping his hustle with drugs, as he wasn't making money any other way. When I found out he was still selling drugs I gave him an ultimatum, he either chooses to keep selling them or he puts one hundred percent into his music and trust that the money will come with hard work, luckily he was smart and chose the music. Not too long after Uptown Records dropped me, which made me think and come to the sta rt of Bad Boy, with Biggie right behind as well as artist Craig Mack.Biggie Smalls decided to change his stage name to the Notorious B. I. G. Right before recording a remix in 1993 of Mary J. Bilge's single â€Å"Real Love†. On the sound track to the film, Who's The Man? , Biggie did his first solo record â€Å"Party and Bullwhip† after doing several guest appearances. After getting his name out Biggie released his debut album, Ready to Die, in September 1994. The top singles on the album â€Å"Juicy' went gold as the next single â€Å"Big Poppa†, achieved platinum sales and got top ten on the pop and R&B charts. (Billboard. Mom) In the midst of all of these accomplishments, Biggie found love in label mate Faith Evans at a photo shoot and within two weeks they got married in Rockland County, NY. Although he was â€Å"happily married† Biggie wasn't ready for marriage as he had affairs with other woman and one a little more public with rapper Ill' Kim. Wit h the drama between Outpace and Biggie, rumors began to spread that Outpace may be the father of their unborn child although Faith denies any relations with him. Due to all he infidelities Faith and Biggie decided to separate in 1996 and remain friends. People Magazine) After getting married Biggie helped the careers of Junior M. A. F. I. A , with childhood friends and ended in 1995 as the biggest solo male act on both the pop and R&B charts as well as the top selling rap artist. Also he's gotten in trouble with the law, him and his entourage was accused by a concert promoter of assaulting him after fees weren't paid for a concert cancellation. Then at a later time Biggie attacked two people harassing him for an autograph with a baseball bat and pled lilts.During the recordings of his second album in 1996 he became injured during rushed to the hospital we ran red light after red light going 80 miles trying to save him. As I was continuing to try and talk to him I wasn't getting any feedback and began to panic. We approached the hospital in a hurry. Jumping out of the suburban we rushed to get him out as the emergency doors to the hospital busted open with two men carrying the stretcher. It took about 6 or 7 people to lift Biggie out of the car; we looked and noticed that although several bullets hit him he wasn't bleeding.The actors immediately rushed him into surgery to try and remove the bullets. The waiting room was filled with complete silence and tension as we waited for the results. The white walls of the waiting room seemed as if they were caving in when the doctor walked out and announced they tried their best to save him at 1 Sam. With the unbelievable news everyone in the room looked as if they saw a ghost as they realized someone would have to tell Biggies mother that he passed. The small cellophane was being passed around the room, as we all couldn't bear to call Ms. Wallace with this horrifying news.D-Rock found it in him to call Ms. Wallace with the news. As he got on the phone tears began to from his eyes having her wonder why he would be on the phone crying to her. He began to tell her the news that Biggie passed and she immediately dropped the phone hysterically crying. (Youth: Famous Crime Scene: Biggie Smalls) Three weeks after Biggies murder the scheduled release of his second album, titled Life After Death, went number one on the charts and sold nearly 700,000 copies within the first week of release. He was the first artist to gain two posthumous number one hits.

What Is the Problem That Has No Name

In her groundbreaking 1963 book The Feminine Mystique, feminist leader Betty Friedan dared to write about â€Å"the problem that has no name.† The Feminine Mystique discussed the idealized happy-suburban-housewife image that then was marketed to many women as their best if not their only option in life. The problem lay buried. For over fifteen years there was no word of this yearning in the millions of words written about women, for women, in all the columns, books and articles by experts telling women their role was to seek fulfillment as wives and mothers. Over and over women heard in voices of tradition and of Freudian sophistication that they could desire no greater destiny than to glory in their own femininity. What was the cause of the unhappiness that many middle-class women felt in their role as feminine wife/mother/homemaker? This unhappiness was widespread—a pervasive problem that had no name.(Betty Friedan, 1963) Aftereffects of World War II   In her book, Friedan spoke of the slow inexorable growth of what she called the feminine mystique, beginning at the end of World War II. In the 1920s, women had begun to shed old Victorian values, with independent careers and lives. During World War II, as millions of men went into the service, women took over many of the male-dominant careers, filling in important roles which still needed doing. They worked in factories and as nurses, played baseball, repaired planes, and performed clerical work. After the war, the men returned, and the women gave up those roles.   Instead, said Friedan, women of the 1950s and 1960s were defined as the cherished and self-perpetuating core of contemporary American culture. Millions of women lived their lives in the image of those pretty pictures of the American suburban housewife, kissing their husbands goodbye in front of the picture window, depositing their stationwagonsful of children at school, and smiling as they ran the new electric waxer over the spotless kitchen floor... They had no thought for the unfeminine problems of the world outside the home; they wanted the men to make the major decisions. They gloried in their role as women, and wrote proudly on the census blank: Occupation: housewife.† Who Was Behind the Problem That Has No Name? The Feminine Mystique implicated womens magazines, other media, corporations, schools, and various institutions in U.S. society that were all guilty of relentlessly pressuring girls to marry young and fit into the fabricated feminine image. Unfortunately, in real life it was common to find that women were unhappy because their choices were limited and they were expected to make a career out of being housewives and mothers, excluding all other pursuits. Betty Friedan noted the unhappiness of many housewives who were trying to fit this feminine mystique image, and she called the widespread unhappiness â€Å"the problem that has no name.†Ã‚  She cited research that showed that womens fatigue was the result of boredom. According to Betty Friedan, the so-called feminine image benefited advertisers and big corporations far more than it helped families and children, let alone the women playing the role. Women, just like any other humans, naturally wanted to make the most of their potential. How Do You Solve a Problem That Has No Name? In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan analyzed the problem that has no name and offered some solutions. She emphasized throughout the book that the creation of a mythical â€Å"happy housewife† image had brought major dollars to advertisers and corporations that sold magazines and household products, at a great cost to women. She called for society to revive the 1920s and 1930s independent career woman image, an image that had been destroyed by post-World War II behavior, women’s magazines and universities that encouraged girls to find a husband above all other goals. Betty Friedans vision of a truly happy, productive society would allow men and women to become educated, work and use their talents. When women ignored their potential, the result was not just an inefficient society but also widespread unhappiness, including depression and suicide. These, among other symptoms, were serious effects caused by the problem that had no name. Friedans Analysis To come to her conclusion, Friedan compared short story fiction and nonfiction from various magainzes of the postwar era, from the late 1930s to the late 1950s. What she saw was that the change was a gradual one, with independence becoming less and less glorified. Historian Joanne Meyerowitz, writing 30 years later, saw Friedan as part of the changes that were discernible in the literature of the day.   In the 1930s, right after the war, most articles focused on motherhood, marriage, and housewifery, as the most soul-satisfying career that any woman could espouse, what Meyerowitz believes was in part a response to fears of family breakdown. But by the 1950s, there were fewer such articles, and more identifying independence as a positive role for women. But it was slow, and Mayerowitz sees Friedans book as a visionary work, a harbinger of the new feminism. The Feminine Mystique exposed the tension between public achievement and comesticity, and affirmed the anger many middle-class women felt. Friedan tapped into that discord and made a huge leap forward to resolving the problem with no name. Edited and with additions by Jone Johnson Lewis. Sources and Further Reading Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique (50th Anniversary Edition). 2013. New York: W.W. Norton Company.  Horowitz, Daniel. Rethinking Betty Friedan and the Feminine Mystique: Labor Union Radicalism and Feminism in Cold War America. American Quarterly 48.1 (1996): 1–42. Print.Meyerowitz, Joanne. Beyond the Feminine Mystique: A Reassessment of Postwar Mass Culture, 1946–1958. The Journal of American History 79.4 (1993): 1455–82. Print.Turk, Katherine. â€Å"To Fulfill an Ambition of [Her] Own†: Work, Class, and Identity in the Feminine Mystique. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 36.2 (2015): 25–32. Print.